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Seeking the Truth: Why the U.S. circumcision rate matters

One of the most frequent inquiries posed by journalists, ethicists, doctors from other countries, and our constituents continues to be: What is the true “rate” of infant circumcision? Meaning: what percentage of newborn baby boys are subjected to the forced removal of their penile foreskins?

Most people, understandably, aren’t pleased to hear the response: “Nobody really knows.” They don’t have the patience to hear about the complexities of medical data collection, and how uninclined the medical establishment is to pull back the curtain on a “procedure” that—in actuality—constitutes an unethical and brutal mutilation of a child who cannot consent.

“Nobody wants to talk about it.”

Well, WE DO, and WE KNOW YOU DO, TOO!

The current survey (launching in Summer 2026), will determine the true rate of infant genital cutting by going to the ONLY direct source of information on the topic—mothers of baby boys. Mothers are the ones solicited or pressured to “consent” (see Intact America’s 2020 survey on this topic), mothers take the babies home and care for them; mothers generally oversee the medical care for their children; mothers know whether their babies are well or distressed… In short, mothers are the best—indeed, the only reliable informants regarding whether their baby sons have been subjected to the removal of their foreskins.

In 2025, a short note in JAMA Pediatrics by researchers from Johns Hopkins University reported that for the first time in decades the rate of neonatal circumcision fell to its lowest level in many decades, somewhere between 49 and 54%. Many intactivists were pleased, believing this means that our message is being received by the public, by expectant parents—even by doctors—and that due to our advocacy, more babies are being spared.

But there is reason to be skeptical about the authors’ claims. The only source for the figures presented was insurance records for circumcisions carried out between a baby’s birth and his discharge from the neonatal hospital stay (generally one to three days). We know from many sources—mostly still anecdotal—that circumcision practice patterns are changing rapidly, that they vary widely among hospitals and regionally, and that nobody tracks whether babies not cut in hospitals are being cut elsewhere—in doctors’ offices, clinics, and other outpatient settings—during the 30-day window when most insurance will still pay. We also know that circumcisions paid in cash by parents do not turn up in insurance records and, thus, are not reported anywhere.

Why does this uncertainty matter? Well, the entire enterprise of infant circumcision falls into a realm of “banished knowledge”—a term coined by the late author, psychoanalyst, and philosopher Alice Miller (1923-2010) to describe the purposeful suppression by perpetrators of pervasive child abuse (including circumcision) in our culture. This means that not only does the practice take place behind closed doors, but that the details of the practice (the pain, the bleeding—indeed, all knowledge and acknowledgment of the body part being removed—are unrevealed, unrecognized, subjects of secrecy and shame.

Back to the 2025 article, a closer look at the authors’ backgrounds and affiliation reveals a longstanding pro-circumcision bias, characterized by false claims about the procedure’s medical benefits and—significantly—alarmist warnings that a decrease in circumcisions in the United States will result in an explosion in subsequent medical costs. The hidden agenda, then, of this “fact”-based paper on falling neonatal circumcision rates was to bolster the continuity of infant male genital cutting.

Naturally, the perpetrators of infant circumcision have ignored a host of issues and questions that one would hope they would have addressed:
  • What ARE the costs of circumcision?
  • How common are complications (and what is their cost over the lifetime of men who were cut as babies)?
  • What is the cost of damage created by forcible foreskin retraction? (An Intact America survey conducted in 2018 found that 43% of intact boys had their foreskins forcibly retracted during their first five years of life by medical personnel or caregivers who had been instructed to do so by medical personnel.)
  • What happens to the foreskins?


Only by knowing the true extent of this practice—including efforts of the medical industry to hide it from view, to suppress knowledge about the natural male genitals, to instill fear into parents who might want to keep their boys intact, to ensure an ongoing revenue stream, to minimize physician and institutional liability, to ensure an ongoing supply of intact foreskins for “research” and commerce)—only by understanding all this can intactivists develop long-term strategies to bring the male foreskin into 21st Century North America. Only by knowing this can we increase the “presence” of the foreskin in popular discourse, as well as in academia (especially law and bioethics, medical and nursing education).

BECOME A TRUTHSEEKER: HELP BRING THE MOTHERS’ INFANT HEALTH SURVEY TO LIFE

Every meaningful movement is strengthened by credible research. The Mothers’ Infant Health Survey represents one of the most significant investments Intact America has made in understanding today’s circumcision landscape. The survey itself is projected to cost approximately $20,000, with additional funding planned to share the findings through media outreach, public education, and advocacy efforts, so the results reach parents, healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers across North America. The stronger the evidence, the stronger the conversation. The stronger the conversation, the greater the opportunity to create lasting cultural change. If you’d like to help make this historic project possible, we’d be honored to have your support. So, please make a gift today and join our TruthSeekers!

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Marilyn

Marilyn Fayre Milos, multiple award winner for her humanitarian work to end routine infant circumcision in the United States and advocating for the rights of infants and children to genital autonomy, has written a warm and compelling memoir of her path to becoming “the founding mother of the intactivist movement.” Needing to support her family as a single mother in the early sixties, Milos taught banjo—having learned to play from Jerry Garcia (later of The Grateful Dead)—and worked as an assistant to comedian and social critic Lenny Bruce, typing out the content of his shows and transcribing court proceedings of his trials for obscenity. After Lenny’s death, she found her voice as an activist as part of the counterculture revolution, living in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco during the 1967 Summer of Love, and honed her organizational skills by creating an alternative education open classroom (still operating) in Marin County. 

After witnessing the pain and trauma of the circumcision of a newborn baby boy when she was a nursing student at Marin College, Milos learned everything she could about why infants were subjected to such brutal surgery. The more she read and discovered, the more convinced she became that circumcision had no medical benefits. As a nurse on the obstetrical unit at Marin General Hospital, she committed to making sure parents understood what circumcision entailed before signing a consent form. Considered an agitator and forced to resign in 1985, she co-founded NOCIRC (National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers) and began organizing international symposia on circumcision, genital autonomy, and human rights. Milos edited and published the proceedings from the above-mentioned symposia and has written numerous articles in her quest to end circumcision and protect children’s bodily integrity. She currently serves on the board of directors of Intact America.

Georganne

Georganne Chapin is a healthcare expert, attorney, social justice advocate, and founding executive director of Intact America, the nation’s most influential organization opposing the U.S. medical industry’s penchant for surgically altering the genitals of male children (“circumcision”). Under her leadership, Intact America has definitively documented tactics used by U.S. doctors and healthcare facilities to pathologize the male foreskin, pressure parents into circumcising their sons, and forcibly retract the foreskins of intact boys, creating potentially lifelong, iatrogenic harm. 

Chapin holds a BA in Anthropology from Barnard College, and a Master’s degree in Sociomedical Sciences from Columbia University. For 25 years, she served as president and chief executive officer of Hudson Health Plan, a nonprofit Medicaid insurer in New York’s Hudson Valley. Mid-career, she enrolled in an evening law program, where she explored the legal and ethical issues underlying routine male circumcision, a subject that had interested her since witnessing the aftermath of the surgery conducted on her younger brother. She received her Juris Doctor degree from Pace University School of Law in 2003, and was subsequently admitted to the New York Bar. As an adjunct professor, she taught Bioethics and Medicaid and Disability Law at Pace, and Bioethics in Dominican College’s doctoral program for advanced practice nurses.

In 2004, Chapin founded the nonprofit Hudson Center for Health Equity and Quality, a company that designs software and provides consulting services designed to reduce administrative complexities, streamline and integrate data collection and reporting, and enhance access to care for those in need. In 2008, she co-founded Intact America.

Chapin has published many articles and op-ed essays, and has been interviewed on local, national and international television, radio and podcasts about ways the U.S. healthcare system prioritizes profits over people’s basic needs. She cites routine (nontherapeutic) infant circumcision as a prime example of a practice that wastes money and harms boys and the men they will become. This Penis Business: A Memoir is her first book.